Engine On-Vehicle Inspection

The engine coolant should be between the LOW and FULL lines when the engine is cold.
If the engine coolant is below the LOW line, check for leakage and add TOYOTA Super Long Life Coolant (SLLC) or similar high quality ethylene glycol based non-silicate, non-amine, non-nitrite, non-borate coolant with long-life hybrid organic acid technology to the FULL line.

Warm up the engine, stop the engine and wait 5 minutes.

Check that the oil level is between the dipstick low level mark and full level mark.
If the level is low, check for leakage and add oil up to the full level mark.

NOTICE:

Do not fill engine oil above the full level mark.

Check the battery for damage and deformation. If severe damage, deformation or leakage is found, replace the battery.

Check the electrolyte quantity of each cell.

1. For maintenance-free batteries:
   

   1. If the electrolyte quantity is below the lower line, replace the battery.
      
   2. If the electrolyte quantity is above the lower line, check the battery voltage when cranking the engine. If the voltage is below 9.6 V, recharge or replace the battery.
      

      HINT:

      Before checking the battery voltage, turn off all the electrical systems (headlights, blower motor, rear defogger, etc.).

2. For non-maintenance-free batteries:
   

   1. If the electrolyte quantity is below the lower line, add distilled water to each cell. Then, recharge the battery and check the electrolyte's specific gravity.
      

      Standard specific gravity:

      1.25 to 1.29 at 20°C (68°F)
      

   2. If the electrolyte quantity is above the lower line, check the battery voltage when cranking the engine. If the voltage is below 9.6 V, recharge or replace the battery.
      

      HINT:

      Before checking the battery voltage, turn off all the electrical systems (headlights, blower motor, rear defogger, etc.).

Turn the ignition switch off and turn on the headlights for 20 to 30 seconds. This removes the surface charge from the battery.

Measure the battery voltage between the negative (-) and positive (+) terminals of the battery.

Standard voltage:

12.5 to 12.9 V at 20°C (68°F)

Remove the air cleaner cap sub-assembly.

Remove the air cleaner filter element sub-assembly from the air cleaner case.

Visually check that the air filter sub-assembly is not excessively damaged or oily.
If necessary, replace the air cleaner filter element sub-assembly.

Reinstall the air cleaner filter element sub-assembly to the air cleaner case.

Reinstall the air cleaner cap sub-assembly.

Check the electrode.

1. Using a megohmmeter, measure the insulation resistance.
   

   Standard Insulation Resistance:

   Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
   Spark plug (Terminal part) - Body ground	Always	10 MΩ or higher

   Text in Illustration

   *a

   Ground

   HINT:

   If a megohmmeter is not available, perform the following simple inspection.

Alternative inspection method:

1. Quickly accelerate the engine to 4000 rpm 5 times.
   

2. Remove the spark plug.
   

3. Visually check the spark plug.
   If the electrode is dry, the spark plug is functioning properly. If the electrode is damp, proceed to the next step.
   

Check the spark plug for any damage to its thread and insulator.
If there is damage, replace the spark plug. If not, reinstall the spark plug.

Recommended Spark Plug:

Manufacturer	Spark Plug Type
DENSO	FK20HR-A8

Check the spark plug electrode gap.

Maximum electrode gap for used spark plug:

1.1 mm (0.0433 in.)

Electrode gap for new spark plug:

0.7 to 0.8 mm (0.0276 to 0.0315 in.)

NOTICE:

When adjusting the gap of a new spark plug, bend only the base of the ground electrode. Do not touch the tip. Never attempt to adjust the gap of a used plug.

Clean the spark plugs.
If the electrode has traces of wet carbon, clean the electrode with a spark plug cleaner and then dry it.

Air pressure:

588 kPa (6.0 kgf/cm², 85 psi)

Duration:

20 seconds or less

HINT:

Only use a spark plug cleaner when the electrode is free of oil. If the electrode has traces of oil, use gasoline to clean off the oil before using the spark plug cleaner.

Check the belt for wear, cracks or other signs of damage.
If any of the following defects is found, replace the fan and generator V belt.

1. The belt is cracked.
   
2. The belt is worn out to the extent that the cords are exposed.
   
3. The belt has chunks missing from the ribs.
   

Check that the belt fits properly in the ribbed grooves.

HINT:

Check with your hand to confirm that the belt has not slipped out of the grooves on the bottom of the pulley. If it has slipped out, replace the fan and generator V belt. Install a new fan and generator V belt correctly.

Check that the tensioner indicator mark is within range A shown in the illustration.

Remove the fan and generator V belt (LandCruiser RM000000YMP02UX.html).

Check that nothing gets caught in the V-ribbed belt tensioner assembly by turning it clockwise and counterclockwise.
If a malfunction exists, replace the V-ribbed belt tensioner assembly.

Turn the pulley and check that the tensioner bearing moves smoothly and quietly.

Install the fan and generator V belt (LandCruiser RM000000YMN02UX.html).

Rev the engine several times. Check that the engine does not emit unusual noises.

If unusual noises occur, warm up the engine and idle it for 30 minutes or more, then perform the preceding inspection.

HINT:

If any defects or problems are found during the preceding inspection, perform valve lash adjuster assembly inspection (LandCruiser RM00000447K00SX_01_0017.html).

Warm up and stop the engine.

When using the GTS:

1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
   

2. Start the engine and idle it.
   

3. Turn the GTS on.
   

4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / IGN Advance.
   

   Standard ignition timing:

   5 to 15° BTDC @ idle
   

   HINT:

   Refer to the GTS operator's manual for further details.

   NOTICE:

   1. When checking the ignition timing, the transmission should be in N or P.
      
   2. Switch off all the accessories and the A/C before connecting the GTS.
      

5. Check that the ignition timing advances immediately when the engine speed is increased.
   

6. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Connect the TC and TE1.
   

7. Monitor IGN Advance.
   

8. Perform the Active Test.
   

   Standard ignition timing:

   3 to 7° BTDC @ idle
   

   NOTICE:

   When checking the ignition timing, the transmission should be in N or P.

   HINT:

   Refer to the GTS operator's manual for further details.

When not using the GTS:

1. Loosen the hose clamp from the throttle body side.
   

2. Remove the 3 bolts and disconnect the intake air connector.
   

   HINT:

   Move the intake air connector so that the tester probe of a timing light can be connected to the wire of the ignition coil for the No. 1 cylinder.

3. Connect the tester probe of a timing light to the wire of the ignition coil connector for the No. 1 cylinder.
   

   NOTICE:

   Use a timing light that detects primary signals.

4. Connect the intake air connector.
   

   HINT:

   Return the parts to their original positions so that the engine can be started.

5. Start the engine and idle it.
   





6. Using SST, connect terminals 13 (TC) and 4 (CG) of the DLC3.
   

   SST

   09843-18040
   

   Text in Illustration

   *a	Front view of DLC3

   NOTICE:

   1. Confirm the terminal numbers before connecting them. Connecting the wrong terminals can damage the engine.
      
   2. When checking the ignition timing, the shift lever should be in N or P.
      

7. Using the timing light, check the ignition timing.
   

   Standard ignition timing:

   3 to 7° BTDC @ idle
   

   NOTICE:

   1. Turn all the electrical systems and the A/C off.
      
   2. When checking the ignition timing, the shift lever should be in N or P.
      

8. Remove SST from the DLC3.
   

9. Check the ignition timing.
   

   Standard ignition timing:

   5 to 15° BTDC @ idle
   

10. Check that the ignition timing advances immediately when the engine speed is increased.
    

11. Turn the ignition switch off.
    

12. Disconnect the timing light from the engine.
    

13. Connect the intake air connector with the 3 bolts.
    

    Torque:

    8.0 N*m{82 kgf*cm, 71 in.*lbf}

14. Tighten the hose clamp.
    

    Torque:

    5.0 N*m{51 kgf*cm, 44 in.*lbf}

Warm up and stop the engine.

When using the GTS:

1. Connect the GTS to the DLC3.
   

2. Start the engine and idle it.
   

3. Turn the GTS on.
   

4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / Engine Speed.
   

   Standard idle speed:

   600 to 700 rpm
   

   NOTICE:

   1. Turn all the electrical systems and the A/C off.
      
   2. When checking the idling speed, the shift lever should be in N or P.
      

   HINT:

   Refer to the GTS operator's manual for further details.

5. Turn the ignition switch off.
   

6. Disconnect the GTS from the DLC3.
   

When not using the GTS:

1. Using SST, connect a tachometer probe to terminal 9 (TAC) of the DLC3.
   

   SST

   09843-18040
   

   NOTICE:

   1. Confirm the terminal numbers before connecting them. Connecting the wrong terminals can damage the engine.
      
   2. Turn all the electrical systems and the A/C off.
      
   3. When checking the idling speed, the shift lever should be in N or P.
      

2. Check the idle speed.
   

   Standard idle speed:

   600 to 700 rpm
   

3. Disconnect the tachometer probe from the DLC3.
   

If the engine speed is not as specified, update the idle speed control (ISC) learned value using either procedure 1 or procedure 2 below, and then check the engine speed again.

1. Procedure 1:
   After completely warming up the engine, drive the vehicle at 30 km/h (19 mph) for 30 seconds or more and idle the engine for 30 seconds or more. Repeat this pattern 5 times or more.
   
   

   
   
   
   
   

   Text in Illustration

   *a	Engine completely warmed up	*b	Vehicle being driven at 30 km/h (19 mph)
   *c	Idling	*d	1 time





2. Procedure 2:
   After completely warming up the engine, stop the engine and then idle it. Repeat this pattern 5 times or more.
   
   

   
   
   
   
   

   Text in Illustration

   *a	Engine completely warmed up	*b	Engine stopped
   *c	Engine started	*d	Idling
   *e	1 time	-	-

   HINT:

   1. Be sure to idle the engine for 150 seconds or more for each time the pattern is repeated.
      
   2. If the engine speed is not as specified after performing the procedure above, inspect the idle speed control system as it is malfunctioning.
      

Warm up and stop the engine.

Check for DTCs (LandCruiser RM000000VNG00DX.html).

Disconnect the 4 fuel injector connectors.

Remove the 4 spark plugs (LandCruiser RM0000045AB00BX.html).

Inspect the cylinder compression pressure.

1. Fully open the throttle.
   

2. While cranking the engine, measure the compression pressure.
   

   Standard compression pressure:

   1230 kPa (12.5 kgf/cm², 178 psi) or higher
   

   Minimum pressure:

   880 kPa (9.0 kgf/cm², 128 psi)
   

   Difference between each cylinder:

   98 kPa (1.0 kgf/cm², 14.2 psi) or less
   

   NOTICE:

   1. Use a fully-charged battery so the engine speed can be increased to 250 rpm or more.
      
   2. Inspect the other cylinders in the same way.
      
   3. Measure the compression in as short a time as possible.
      

   HINT:

   If the cylinder compression is low, pour a small amount of engine oil into the cylinder through the spark plug hole and inspect it again.

   1. If adding oil increases the compression pressure, the piston rings and/or cylinder bore may be worn or damaged.
      
   2. If the pressure stays low, the valve may be stuck or seated improperly, or there may be leakage from the gasket.
      

Install the 4 spark plugs (LandCruiser RM0000045A900BX.html).

Connect the 4 fuel injector connectors.

Clear the DTCs (LandCruiser RM000000VNG00DX.html).

Start the engine.

Run the engine at 2500 rpm for approximately 180 seconds.

Insert a CO/HC meter testing probe at least 40 cm (1.31 ft.) into the tailpipe while idling the engine.

Check the CO/HC concentration during idling and when the engine is running at 2500 rpm.

HINT:

When doing the 2 mode (with the engine idling/ running at 2500 rpm) test, the measuring procedures are determined by applicable local regulations.

If the CO/HC concentration does not comply with regulations, troubleshoot in the order given below.

1. Check the air fuel ratio sensor (LandCruiser RM00000175800NX_01_0001.html) and heated oxygen sensor (LandCruiser RM00000175E00UX_01_0001.html).
   

2. Refer to the table below for possible causes, and then inspect the applicable parts and repair them if necessary.
   
   

   CO	HC	Problems	Possible Causes
   Normal	High	Rough idling	Faulty ignition: Incorrect timing Plugs are contaminated or shorted, or gaps are incorrect Incorrect valve clearance (valve lash adjuster assembly) Leakage from intake or exhaust valves Leakage from cylinders
   Low	High	Rough idling (Fluctuating HC reading)	Vacuum leaks: PCV hoses Intake manifold Throttle body with motor assembly Brake booster line Lean mixture causing misfire
   High	High	Rough idling (Black smoke from exhaust)	Restricted air cleaner filter element sub-assembly Plugged PCV valve sub-assembly Faulty SFI system: Faulty fuel pressure regulator assembly Faulty engine coolant temperature sensor Faulty mass air flow meter sub-assembly Faulty ECM Faulty fuel injector assemblies Faulty throttle body with motor assembly