Navigation System System Description

Conventionally, 2 separate devices, a "radio and display" and a "navigation ECU", are used. This model combines these device into a signal unit.

Vehicle position tracking methods

1. It is essential that the navigation system correctly tracks the current vehicle position and displays it on the map. There are 2 methods to track the current vehicle position: autonomous (dead reckoning) and GPS* (satellite) navigation. Both navigation methods are used in conjunction with each other.
   

   HINT:

   *: GPS (Global Positioning System)

   
   
   
   
   

   Operation	Description
   Vehicle Position Calculation	The navigation receiver calculates the current vehicle position (direction and current position) using the direction deviation signal from the gyro sensor and the running distance signal from the vehicle speed sensor, and creates the driving route.
   Map Display Processing	The navigation receiver processes the vehicle position data, vehicle running track, and map data from the SD card
   Map Matching	The map data from the SD card is compared to the vehicle position and running track data. Then, the vehicle position is matched with the nearest road.
   GPS Correction	The vehicle position is matched to the position measured by GPS. Then, the GPS measurement position data is compared with the vehicle position and running track data. If the position is widely different, the GPS measurement position is used.
   Distance Correction	The running distance signal from the vehicle speed sensor includes the error caused by tire wear and slippage between the tires and road surface. Distance correction is performed to account for this. The navigation receiver assembly automatically offsets the running distance signal to make up for the difference between it and the distance data of the map. The offset is automatically updated.

   HINT:

   The combination of autonomous and GPS navigation makes it possible to display the vehicle position even when the vehicle is in places where the GPS radio wave cannot be received. When only autonomous navigation is used, the mapping accuracy may slightly decline.

   
   
   
   

Autonomous navigation
This method determines the relative vehicle position based on the running track determined by the gyro and vehicle speed sensors.

1. Gyro sensor
   Calculates the direction by detecting angular velocity. It is located in the navigation receiver assembly.
   

2. Vehicle speed sensor
   Used to calculate the vehicle running distance.
   

GPS navigation (Satellite navigation)
This method detects the absolute vehicle position using radio waves from a GPS satellite*.

HINT:

*: GPS satellites were launched by the U.S. Department of Defense for military purposes.

Map matching
The current driving route is calculated by autonomous navigation (according to the gyro sensor and vehicle speed sensor) and GPS navigation. This information is then compared with possible road shapes from the map data in the SD card and the vehicle position is set onto the most appropriate road.

Touch switches are touch-sensitive (interactive) switches operated by touching the screen. When a switch is pressed, the outer glass bends to contact the inner glass at the pressed position. By doing this, the voltage ratio is measured and the pressed position is detected.

Precautions for using SD card

NOTICE:

1. Do not touch SD memory cards with dirty or wet hands.
   
2. Do not insert anything other than SD memory cards into the SD slot.
   
3. As the SD cards may malfunction or adversely affect the navigation unit, do not store or use SD cards in the following locations.
   
1. Places where static electricity is generated.
   
2. Places where electronic noise is generated.
   
3. Places which are hot or humid.
   
4. Places where condensation occurs.
   
5. Places which are prone to corrosion.
   
4. SD cards are delicate electronic devices. Always abide by the following instructions, as the card may malfunction otherwise.
   
1. Do not bend, drop or otherwise subject the card to an impact.
   
2. Do not insert the SD card into the SD slot when it is covered with dust or dirt.
   
3. Make sure that the SD card is oriented correctly when inserting it into the SD slot, and always insert the SD card completely.
   
5. If a strong force is applied to the SD card, it may be damaged.
   

Compatible SD cards.

1. Compatible SD memory cards
   8 MB, 16 MB, 32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB and 2 GB sizes
   

2. Compatible SDHC memory cards
   4 GB, 6 GB, 8 GB, 12 GB, 16 GB and 32 GB sizes
   

   HINT:

   1. "SD/SDHC Memory Card Format Software" is the recommended SD formatting software. Any SD memory card formatted with different software may not be usable if it does not conform to the SD standard. Also, even in the event that the SD card is usable, its behavior cannot be guaranteed.
      
   2. If an adapter is used, miniSD, microSD, miniSDHC and microSDHC cards can be used.
      
   3. MultiMediaCards (MMCs) cannot be used.
      
   4. If the SD/SDHC memory card does not operate properly, reinsert the card.
      

A Compact Disc player uses a laser pickup to read digital signals recorded on Compact Discs (CD). By converting the digital signals to analog, music and other content can be played.

CAUTION:

Do not look directly at the laser pickup because the CD player uses an invisible laser beam. Be sure to operate the player only as instructed.

NOTICE:

1. Do not disassemble any part of the CD player.
   

1. Do not apply oil to the CD player.
   

1. Do not insert anything but a CD into the CD player.
   

Usable discs

1. This player can only play audio CDs, CD-Rs (CD-Recordable), and CD-RWs (CD-ReWritable) that have any of the following marks:
   

   
   
   
   

Precautions for use of discs

NOTICE:

1. Copy-protected CDs cannot be played.
   
2. CD-Rs and CD-RWs may not be played depending on the recording conditions or characteristics of the discs, or due to damage, dirt or deterioration caused by leaving the discs in the cabin for a long time.
   
3. Unfinalized CD-Rs and CD-RWs cannot be played.
   
4. DualDiscs that mate DVD recorded material on one side with CD digital audio material on the other cannot be played.
   
5. Keep the discs away from dirt. Be careful not to damage the discs or leave your fingerprints on them.
   
6. Hold discs by the outer edge and center with the label side up.
   
7. Leaving the disc exposed halfway out of the slot for a long time after pressing the disc eject button may cause deformation of the disc, making the disc unusable.
   
8. If discs have adhesive tape, stickers, CD labels or any traces of such labels attached, the discs may not be ejected or player malfunction may result.
   
9. Keep the discs away from direct sunlight. (Exposure to direct sunlight may cause deformation of the disc, making the disc unusable.)
   
10. Do not use odd-shaped CDs because these may cause player malfunctions.
    
11. Do not use discs whose recording portion is transparent or translucent because they may be able to be inserted, ejected or played normally.
    

HINT:

1. When it is cold or it is raining, if the windows mist up, mist and condensation may form in the player. In such cases, the CD may skip or stop in the middle of play. Ventilate or dehumidify the cabin for a while before using the player.
   
2. The CD may skip if the player experiences strong vibrations when the vehicle is driven on a rough road or similar uneven surface(s).
   

Cleaning

NOTICE:

Do not use lens cleaner because it may cause a malfunction in the pickup portion of the player.

1. If dirt is on the disc surface, wipe it clean with a soft dry cloth, such as an eyeglass cleaner for plastic lenses, from the inside to the outside in a radial direction.
   

   NOTICE:

   1. Pressing on the disc by hand or rubbing the disc with hard cloth may scratch the disc surface.
      
   2. Use of solvent such as a record spray, antistatic agent, alcohol, benzine and thinner, or a chemical cloth may cause damage to the disc, making the disc unusable.
      

MP3/WMA files playable from CDs

1. Playable MP3 file standards
   
   

   Compatible Standard	MP3 (MPEG1 LAYER3, MPEG2 LSF LAYER3)
   Compatible sampling frequency	MPEG1 LAYER3: 32, 44.1, 48 (kHz) MPEG2 LSF LAYER3: 16, 22.05, 24 (kHz)
   Compatible bit rate	MPEG1 LAYER3: 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256, 320 (kbps) MPEG2 LSF LAYER3: 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160 (kbps) Compatible with VBR
   Compatible channel mode	Stereo, joint stereo, dual channel, monaural

2. Playable WMA file standards
   
   

   Compatible Standard	WMA Ver. 7, 8 and 9
   Compatible sampling frequency	32, 44.1, 48 (kHz)
   Compatible bit rate	Ver. 7, 8: CBR48, 64, 80, 96, 128, 160, 192 (kbps) Ver. 9: CBR48, 64, 80, 96, 128, 160, 192, 256, 320 (kbps) Compatible with playback of channel 2 only

MP3/WMA files playable from SD cards or USB device

1. Playable MP3 file standards
   
   

   Compatible Standard	MP3 (MPEG1 LAYER3, MPEG2 LSF LAYER3, MPEG2.5 LAYER3)
   Compatible sampling frequency	MPEG1 LAYER3: 32, 44.1, 48 (kHz) MPEG2 LSF LAYER3: 16, 22.05, 24 (kHz) MPEG2.5 LAYER3: 8, 11.025, 11 (kHz)
   Compatible bit rate	MPEG1 LAYER3: 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256, 320 (kbps) MPEG2 LSF LAYER3: 8, 16, 24, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160 (kbps) MPEG2.5 LAYER3: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160 (kbps) Compatible with VBR
   Compatible channel mode	Stereo, joint stereo, dual channel, monaural

2. Playable WMA file standards
   
   

   Compatible Standard	WMA Ver. 7, 8 and 9
   Compatible sampling frequency	8, 11.025, 16, 22.05, 32, 44.1, 48 (kHz)
   Compatible bit rate	Ver. 7, 8: CDR5,6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 22, 32, 40, 48, 64, 80, 96, 128, 160, 192 (kps) Ver. 9: CBR5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 22, 32, 40, 48, 64, 80, 96, 128, 160, 192, 256, 320 (kbps) Compatible with playback of channel 2 only

ID3 tag and WMA tag

1. Additional textual information called ID3 tags can be input to MP3 files. Information such as song titles, artist names and album title can be stored.
   

   HINT:

   This player is compatible with the ID3 tags of ID3 Ver. 1.0 and 1.1, and ID3 Ver. 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 (Number of characters complies with ID3 Ver. 1.0 and 1.1.).

2. Additional textual information called WMA tags can be input to WMA files. Information such as song titles and artist names can be stored.
   

Usable media

1. Only CD-ROMs, CD-Rs (CD-Recordable), and CD-RWs (CD-ReWritable) can be used to play MP3/WMA files.
   

   NOTICE:

   1. CD-Rs and CD-RWs are more easily affected by a hot and humid environment than discs used for normal audio CDs. For this reason, some CD-Rs and CD-RWs do not play.
      
   2. If there are fingerprints or scratches on the disc, the disc may not play or the CD-Rs and CD-RWs may skip.
      
   3. Some CD-Rs and CD-RWs deteriorate if they are left in the cabin for a long time.
      
   4. Keep CD-Rs and CD-RWs in an opaque case.
      

Usable media format

1. Usable media format
   
   

   Disc format	CD-ROM Mode 1, CD-ROM Mode 2, CD-ROM XA Mode 2 Form 1, CD-ROM XA Mode 2 Form 2
   File format	ISO 9660 Level 1 and Level 2 (Joliet, Romeo), UDF 1.5, UDF 2.0, UDF 2.01, UDF 2.5, Rock Ridge (only compatible parts of ISO 9660)

   HINT:

   1. As for MP3/WMA files written in any unlisted format, the contents of the files may not be played or the file names or folder names may not be displayed correctly.
      
   2. This player is compatible with multi-session discs and can play CD-Rs and CD-RWs on which MP3/WMA files are added. However, only the first session can be played.
      
   3. Discs whose first session includes both music data and MP3 or WMA format data cannot be played.
      

2. Standards and restrictions
   
   

   Maximum directory levels	8 levels
   Maximum number of characters for a folder name/file name	32 characters
   Maximum number of folders	192 (Including empty folders, root folders, and folders that do not contain MP3/WMA files)
   Maximum number of files in a disc	255 (Including non-MP3/WMA files)

File names

1. Only files with an extension of ".mp3" or ".wma" can be recognized and played as MP3 or WMA files.
   

2. Save MP3 or WMA files with an extension of ".mp3" or ".wma".
   

   NOTICE:

   If saving non-MP3 or non-WMA files with an extension of ".mp3" or ".wma", those files are wrongly recognized as MP3 or WMA files and played. A loud noise may occur and damage to the speakers may result.

"Bluetooth" is a trademark owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc.

"Bluetooth" is a wireless connection technology that uses the 2.4 GHz frequency band.

HINT:

The communication performance of "Bluetooth" may vary depending on obstructions or radio wave conditions between communication devices, electromagnetic radiation, communication device sensitivity or antenna capacity.

Handsfree function

1. The "Bluetooth" built-in navigation receiver assembly and a "Bluetooth" compatible cellular phone* can be connected using a "Bluetooth" wireless connection. This enables the use of the handsfree function on the cellular phone even if the phone is in a pocket or bag. For this reason, it is not necessary to use a connector or cable to connect the cellular phone.
   *: Some versions of "Bluetooth" compatible cellular phones may not function.
   

   
   
   
   
   

   Text in Illustration

   *a	Navigation Receiver Assembly ("Bluetooth" Receiver Antenna Built-in)	*b	"Bluetooth" Compatible Cellular Phone
   *c	"Bluetooth" Compatible Portable Audio Player	*d	Cellular Tower

2. Compatible handsfree devices
   
   

   Required "Bluetooth" specifications	Ver. 1.1 or higher (Ver. 2.1+EDR or higher recommended)
   Compatible profiles	HFP (Hands Free Profile) Ver. 1.0 or higher (Ver. 1.5 or higher recommended) OPP (Object Push Profile) Ver. 1.1 or higher PBAP (Phone Book Access Profile) Ver. 1.0 or higher
   Maximum number of handsfree devices that can be registered (including audio devices)	5

"Bluetooth" audio function

1. The "Bluetooth" built-in navigation receiver assembly and a "Bluetooth" compatible portable audio player* can be connected using a "Bluetooth" wireless connection. This enables files stored in the portable audio player to be heard from the vehicle speakers. In addition, operations such as play/stop can be performed directly from the navigation receiver assembly.
   *: Some versions of "Bluetooth" compatible audio players may not be able to operate the "Bluetooth" function, or music may play, but functions available using the navigation receiver assembly may be limited.
   

2. Compatible "Bluetooth" audio devices
   
   

   Required "Bluetooth" specifications	Ver. 1.1 or higher (Ver. 2.1+EDR or higher recommended)
   Compatible profiles	A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile) Ver. 1.0 or higher (Ver. 1.2 or higher recommended) AVRCP (Audio/Video Remote Control Profile) Ver. 1.0 or higher (Ver. 1.4 or higher recommended) A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile) Ver. 1.0 or higher (Ver. 1.0 or higher recommended) AVRCP (Audio/Video Remote Control Profile) Ver. 1.0 or higher (Ver. 1.0 or higher recommended)
   Maximum number of audio devices that can be registered	5

   HINT:

   The amount of remaining battery charge displayed on the navigation receiver assembly may be different from that of the portable player.

The No. 1 stereo jack adapter assembly is equipped with a USB terminal. Connecting a USB device or "iPod" to the No. 1 stereo jack adapter assembly allows music files to be played. Not only is it possible to play music from a USB device with audio functions, is also possible to play MP3 or WMA music files that are stored on a USB device. In addition, "iPod" control software is installed, allowing file selection from playlists and operation using shuffle mode.

HINT:

1. Visual contents of an "iPod" cannot be played.
   
2. Operation through the controls of a USB device or "iPod" cannot be performed while it is connected.
   

USB audio system compatible model

1. USB Device
   The following device formats can be used:
   
   

   Compatible USB device formats

   USB communication format: USB 2.0 FS (12 MBPS) File format: FAT16/32 (Windows) Class: Mass storage class

   MP3 and WMA files written in any format other than those listed above may not play correctly, and their names and folder names may not be displayed correctly.
   Items related to standards and limitations are as follows:
   
   1. Maximum directory hierarchy: Unlimited levels
      
   2. Maximum number of folders in device: 300 (including the root folder)
      
   3. Maximum number of files in device: 5000
      
   4. Maximum number of files per folder: Unlimited
      

2. "iPod"
   "iPod" is a trademark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
   

   HINT:

   Depending on the "iPod" model and software version, there may be cases in which the system or "iPod" does not respond or operate properly.

   
   

   Supported "iPod" Models and Firmware Versions

   Supported "iPod" Model	Supported Firmware Version or OS Version
   "iPod nano" 3G	Ver. 1.1.3
   "iPod nano" 4G	Ver. 1.0.4
   "iPod nano" 5G	Ver. 1.0.2
   "iPod nano" 6G	Ver. 1.1
   "iPod touch" 1G	iOS 3.1.3
   "iPod touch" 2G	iOS 4.2.1
   "iPod touch" 3G (32 GB/64 GB)	iOS 4.3.3
   "iPod touch" 4G	iOS 4.3.3
   "iPod classic" 1G	Ver. 1.1.2
   "iPod classic" 2G (120 GB)	Ver. 2.0.1
   "iPhone" 1G (iPhone)	iOS 3.1.3
   "iPhone" 2G (iPhone 3G)	iOS 4.2.1
   "iPhone" 3G (iPhone 3GS)	iOS 4.3.3
   "iPhone" iPhone 4	iOS 4.3.3

   
   

   Unsupported "iPod" Models

   Unsupported Models	"iPod shuffle" 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G
   	"iPod photo" 1G, 2G
   	"iPod" 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G
   	"iPod mini" 1G, 2G
   	"iPad"

   HINT:

   Depending on the generation of "iPod" used, response to commands from the vehicle may be delayed.

   Items related to standards and limitations are as follows:
   
   1. Maximum number of lists in device: 9999
      
   2. Maximum number of songs in device: 65025
      
   3. Maximum number of songs per list: No limitation
      

Radio frequency band

1. Radio broadcasts use the radio frequency bands shown in the table below.
   

   
   
   
   

Service area

1. The service areas of AM and FM broadcasts are vastly different. Sometimes an AM broadcast can be received very clearly but an FM stereo broadcast cannot. FM stereo has the smallest service area, and is prone to pick up static and other types of interference such as noise.
   

   Text in Illustration

   *a	FM (Stereo)
   *b	FM (Monaural)
   *c	AM

Radio reception problems

HINT:

In addition to static, other problems such as "phasing", "multipath", and "fade out" exist. These problems are not caused by electrical noise, but by the radio signal propagation method itself.

1. Phasing
   AM broadcasts are susceptible to electrical interference and another kind of interference called phasing. Occurring only at night, phasing is the interference created when a vehicle receives 2 radio wave signals from the same transmitter. One signal is reflected off the ionosphere and the other signal is received directly from the transmitter.
   

   Text in Illustration

   *a	Phasing
   *b	Ionosphere





2. Multipath
   Multipath is a type of interference created when a vehicle receives 2 radio wave signals from the same transmitter. One signal is reflected off buildings or mountains and the other signal is received directly from the transmitter.
   

   Text in Illustration

   *a

   Multipath





3. Fade out
   Fade out is caused by objects (buildings, mountains, and other such large obstacles) that deflect away part of a signal, resulting in a weaker signal when the object is between the transmitter and vehicle. High frequency radio waves, such as FM broadcasts, are easily deflected by obstructions. Low frequency radio waves, such as AM broadcasts, are much more difficult to deflect.
   

   Text in Illustration

   *a

   Fade Out

Noise problem
Technicians must have a clear understanding about each customer noise complaint. Use the following table to diagnose noise problems.

HINT:

If the noise does not match the examples above, refer to the descriptions about phasing and multipath.

The navigation system has a diagnostic function (the result is indicated on the master unit).