Refer to DTC P0412 ().

Refer to DTC P0416 ().

Flat-type knock sensors (non-resonant type) have structures that can detect vibrations between approximately 6 kHz and 15 kHz.

2 knock sensors are fitted onto the engine block to detect engine knocking.

Each knock sensor contains a piezoelectric element which generates a voltage when it becomes deformed.

If the misfire rate exceeds the threshold, the ECM illuminates the MIL and stores a DTC.

Refer to DTC P2195 ().

The fuel trim is related to the feedback compensation value, not to the basic injection time. The fuel trim consists of both the short-term and long-term fuel trims.

The air fuel ratio sensor generates a voltage* that corresponds to the actual air-fuel ratio. This sensor voltage is used to provide the ECM with feedback so that it can control the air-fuel ratio. The ECM determines the deviation from the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and regulates the fuel injection time. If the air fuel ratio sensor malfunctions, the ECM is unable to control the air-fuel ratio accurately.

Refer to DTC P2120 ().

A three-way catalyst converter is used in order to convert the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide into less harmful substances. To allow the three-way catalytic converter to function effectively, it is necessary to keep the air fuel ratio of the engine near the stoichiometric air fuel ratio. For the purpose of helping the ECM to deliver accurate air fuel ratio control, a heated oxygen sensor is used.

When the output voltage of either VPA or VPA2 deviates from the standard range, or the difference between the output voltages of the 2 sensor circuits is less than the threshold, the ECM determines that there is a malfunction in the accelerator pedal position sensor. The ECM then illuminates the MIL and stores a DTC.

If the malfunction is not repaired successfully, the DTC is stored 2 seconds after the engine is next started.

The Electronic Throttle Control System (ETCS) is composed of the throttle actuator, throttle position sensor, accelerator pedal position sensor and ECM. The ECM operates the throttle actuator to regulate the throttle valve in response to driver inputs. The throttle position sensor detects the opening angle of the throttle valve, and provides the ECM with feedback so that the throttle valve can be appropriately controlled by the ECM.