Sfi System - P2198

1. Description

2. Monitor description

3. Monitor strategy

4. Typical enabling conditions

5. Typical malfunction thresholds

6. Monitor result

7. Wiring diagram

8. Confirmation driving pattern

9. Inspection procedure

10. Check any other dtcs output (in addition to p2195, p2196, p2197 or p2198)

11. Read value of intelligent tester (output voltage of a/f sensor)

12. Perform confirmation driving pattern

13. Check whether dtc output recurs (dtc p2195, p2196, p2197 or p2198)

14. Replace air fuel ratio sensor

15. Perform confirmation driving pattern

16. Check whether dtc output recurs (dtc p2195, p2196, p2197 or p2198)

17. Confirm whether vehicle has run out of fuel in past

18. Inspect air fuel ratio sensor

19. Inspect air fuel ratio sensor heater relay

20. Check harness and connector (a/f sensor - ecm)

21. Check air induction system

22. Check fuel pressure

23. Inspect fuel injector assembly

24. Replace air fuel ratio sensor

25. Perform confirmation driving pattern

26. Check whether dtc output recurs (dtc p2195, p2196, p2197 or p2198)

27. Confirm whether vehicle has run out of fuel in past

DTC P2195 Oxygen (A/F) Sensor Signal Stuck Lean (Bank 1 Sensor 1)

DTC P2196 Oxygen (A/F) Sensor Signal Stuck Rich (Bank 1 Sensor 1)

DTC P2197 Oxygen (A/F) Sensor Signal Stuck Lean (Bank 2 Sensor 1)

DTC P2198 Oxygen (A/F) Sensor Signal Stuck Rich (Bank 2 Sensor 1)

HINT:

1. Although the DTC titles say oxygen sensor, these DTCs relate to the Air-Fuel Ratio (A/F) sensor.
   
2. Sensor 1 refers to the sensor mounted in front of the Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) and located near the engine assembly.
   

DESCRIPTION

HINT:

1. DTCs P2195 and P2196 means malfunctions related to bank 1 A/F sensor circuit.
   
2. DTCs P2197 and P2198 means malfunctions related to bank 2 A/F sensor circuit.
   
3. Bank 1 refers to the bank that includes cylinder No. 1.
   
4. Bank 2 refers to the bank that includes cylinder No. 2.
   
5. When any of these DTCs are set, check the A/F sensor voltage output by selecting the following menu items on the intelligent tester: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBDII / DATA LIST / PRIMARY / AFS B1S1.
   
6. Short-term fuel trim values can also be read using the intelligent tester.
   
7. The ECM regulates the voltage at the A1A+, A2A+, A1A- and A2A- terminals of the ECM at a constant level. Therefore, the A/F sensor voltage output cannot be confirmed without using the intelligent tester.
   
8. If a A/F sensor malfunction is detected, the ECM sets a DTC.
   

MONITOR DESCRIPTION

1. Under the air-fuel ratio feedback control, if the A/F sensor voltage output indicates rich or lean for a certain period of time, the ECM determines that there is a malfunction in the A/F sensor. The ECM illuminates the MIL and sets a DTC.
   

1. If the A/F sensor voltage output is less than 2.8 V (very rich condition) for 10 seconds, despite the HO2 sensor voltage output being less than 0.85 V, the ECM sets DTC P2196. Alternatively, if the A/F sensor voltage output is more than 3.8 V (very lean condition) for 10 seconds, despite the HO2 sensor voltage output being 0.15 V or more, DTC P2195 is set.
   

1. A rich air-fuel mixture causes a low air-fuel ratio sensor current, and a lean air-fuel mixture causes a high air-fuel ratio sensor current. Therefore, the sensor output becomes high during acceleration, and the sensor becomes low during deceleration with the throttle valve fully closed. The ECM monitors the air-fuel ratio sensor current during fuel-cut and detects an unusual current value.
   
2. If the cumulative time the sensor output is 3.6mAor more (P2195: high-side stuck) or 1.4 mA or less (P2196: low-side stuck) exceeds more than 3 seconds, the ECM interprets a malfunction in the air-fuel ratio sensor and sets a DTC.
   

MONITOR STRATEGY

TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS

TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS

MONITOR RESULT

1. TID (Test Identification Data) is assigned to each emissions-related component.
   
2. TLT (Test Limit Type):
   If TLT is 0, the component is malfunctioning when the test value is higher than the test limit.
   If TLT is 1, the component is malfunctioning when the test value is lower than the test limit.
   
3. CID (Component Identification Data) is assigned to each test value.
   
4. Unit Conversion is used to calculate the test value indicated on generic OBD ll scan tools.
   

WIRING DIAGRAM

CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN

1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3 (Procedure "A").
   
2. Turn the ignition switch on (Procedure "B").
   
3. Turn the tester on (Procedure "C").
   
4. Clear DTCs (Click here) (Procedure "D").
   
5. Start the engine, and warm it up until the ECT reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher (Procedure "E").
   
6. Select the following menu items on the tester to check the fuel-cut status: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / DATA LIST / USER DATA / FC IDLE (Procedure "F").
   
7. Drive the vehicle at between 40 mph (64 km/h) or more for at least 10 minutes. (Procedure "G").
   
8. Change the transmission to 2nd gear (Procedure "H").
   
9. Drive the vehicle at proper vehicle speed to perform fuel-cut operation (refer to the following HINT) (Procedure "I").
   

   HINT:

   Fuel-cut is performed when the following conditions are met:

   1. Accelerator pedal is fully released.
      
   2. Engine speed is 2,500 rpm or more (fuel injection returns at 1,000 rpm).
      
10. Accelerate the vehicle to 30 mph (48 km/h) or more by depressing the accelerator pedal for at least 10 seconds (Procedure "J").
    
11. Soon after performing procedure "J" above, release the accelerator pedal for at least 4 seconds without depressing the brake pedal, in order to execute fuel-cut control (Procedure "K").
    
12. Allow the vehicle to decelerate until the vehicle speed declines to less than 6 mph (10 km/h) (Procedure "L").
    
13. Repeat procedures from "H" through "K" above at least 3 times in one driving cycle (Procedure "M").
    

    HINT:

    Completion of all A/F sensor monitors is required to change the value in TEST RESULT.

    CAUTION:

    Strictly observe of posted speed limits, traffic laws, and road conditions when performing these drive patterns.

INSPECTION PROCEDURE

HINT:

Malfunctioning areas can be identified by performing the A/F CONTROL function provided in the ACTIVE TEST. The A/F CONTROL function can help to determine whether the Air-Fuel Ratio (A/F) sensor, Heated Oxygen (HO2) sensor and other potential trouble areas are malfunctioning.

1. The following instructions describe how to conduct the A/F CONTROL operation using an intelligent tester.
   
2. 1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
      
   2. Start the engine and turn the tester on.
      
   3. Warm up the engine at an engine speed of 2,500 rpm for approximately 90 seconds.
      
   4. Select the following menu items on the tester: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / ACTIVE TEST / A/F CONTROL.
      
   5. Perform the A/F CONTROL operation with the engine in an idling condition (press the RIGHT or LEFT button to change the fuel injection volume).
      
   6. Monitor the voltage outputs of the A/F and HO2 sensors (AFS B1S1 and O2S B1S2 or AFS B2S1 and O2S B2S2) displayed on the tester.
      

      HINT:

      1. The A/F CONTROL operation lowers the fuel injection volume by 12.5% or increases the injection volume by 25%.
         
      2. Each sensor reacts in accordance with increases and decreases in the fuel injection volume.
         
      
      

      Standard voltage:

      
      

      Tester Display (Sensor)	Injection Volumes	Status	Voltages
      AFS B1S1 or AFS B2S1 (A/F)	+25%	Rich	Less than 3.0
      AFS B1S1 or AFS B2S1 (A/F)	-12.5%	Lean	More than 3.35
      O2S B1S2 or O2S B2S2 (HO2)	+25%	Rich	More than 0.55
      O2S B1S2 or O2S B2S2 (HO2)	-12.5%	Lean	Less than 0.4

      NOTICE:

      The Air-Fuel Ratio (A/F) sensor has an output delay of a few seconds and the Heated Oxygen (HO2) sensor has a maximum output delay of approximately 20 seconds.

      
      

      Case	A/F Sensor (Sensor 1) Output Voltage		HO2 Sensor (Sensor 2) Output Voltage		Main Suspected Trouble Area
      1	Injection Volume +25% -12.5%		Injection Volume +25% -12.5%		-
      	Output Voltage More than 3.35 V Less than 3.0 V		Output Voltage More than 0.55 V Less than 0.4 V
      2	Injection Volume +25% -12.5%		Injection Volume +25% -12.5%		A/F sensor A/F sensor heater A/F sensor circuit
      	Output Voltage Almost no reaction		Output Voltage More than 0.55 V Less than 0.4 V
      3	Injection Volume +25% -12.5%		Injection Volume +25% -12.5%		HO2 sensor HO2 sensor heater HO2 sensor circuit
      	Output Voltage More than 3.35 V Less than 3.0 V		Output Voltage Almost no reaction
      4	Injection volume +25% -12.5%		Injection Volume +25% -12.5%		Injector Fuel pressure Gas leakage from exhaust system (Air-fuel ratio extremely lean or rich)
      	Output Voltage Almost no reaction		Output Voltage Almost no reaction

3. 1. Following the A/F CONTROL procedure enables technicians to check the graph of the voltage outputs of both the A/F and HO2 sensors.
      
   2. To display the graph, select the following menu items on the tester: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / ACTIVE TEST / A/F CONTROL / USER DATA / AFS B1S1 and O2S B1S2 or AFS B2S1 and O2S B2S2, and press the YES button and then the ENTER button. Then press the F4 button.
      

      HINT:

      1. Read freeze frame data using the intelligent tester. The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as freeze frame data the moment a DTC is stored. When troubleshooting, freeze frame data can be helpful in determining whether the vehicle was running or stopped, whether the engine was warmed up or not, whether the air/fuel ratio was lean or rich, as well as other data recorded at the time of a malfunction.
         
      2. A low A/F sensor voltage could be caused by a rich air-fuel mixture. Check for conditions that would cause the engine to run rich.
         
      3. A high A/F sensor voltage could be caused by a lean air-fuel mixture. Check for conditions that would cause the engine to run lean.
         

1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.

2. Turn the ignition switch on.

3. Turn the tester on.

4. Select the following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / DTC INFO / CURRENT CODES.

5. Read DTCs.
   

   Result:

   
   

   Display (DTC Output)	Proceed to
   P2195, P2196, P2197 or P2198	A
   P2195, P2196, P2197 or P2198 and other DTCs	B

   HINT:

   If any DTCs other than P2195, P2196, P2197 or P2198 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first.

B	GO TO DTC CHART

A

1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.

2. Start the engine.

3. Turn the tester on.

4. Warm up the Air-Fuel Ratio (A/F) sensor at an engine speed of 2,500 rpm for 90 seconds.

5. Select the following menu items on the tester: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / SNAPSHOT / MANUAL SNAPSHOT / USER DATA / AFS B1S1 or AFS B2S1 and ENGINE SPD.

6. Check the A/F sensor voltage 3 times, when the engine is in each of the following conditions:

   1. While idling (check for at least 30 seconds) (Step (1))

   2. At an engine speed of approximately 2,500 rpm (without any sudden changes in engine speed) (Step (2))

   3. Raise the engine speed to 4,000 rpm and then quickly release the accelerator pedal so that the throttle valve is fully closed (Step (3)).
      

      Standard voltage:

      
      

      Conditions	A/F Sensor Voltage Variations	Reference
      Steps (1) and (2)	Changes at approximately 3.3 V	3.1 to 3.5 V
      Step (3)	Increases to 3.8 V or more	This occurs during engine deceleration (when fuel-cut performed)

      HINT:

      For more information, see the diagrams below.

      
      
      
      

      HINT:

      1. If the output voltage of the A/F sensor remains at approximately 3.3 V (see Malfunction Condition diagram) under any conditions, including those above, the A/F sensor may have an open circuit. (This will also happen if the A/F sensor heater has an open circuit.)
         
      2. If the output voltage of the A/F sensor remains at either approximately 3.8 V or more, or 2.8 V or less (see Malfunction Condition diagram) under any conditions, including those above, the A/F sensor may have a short circuit.
         
      3. The ECM stops fuel injection (fuel cut) during engine deceleration. This causes a lean condition and results in a momentary increase in the A/F sensor output voltage.
         
      4. The ECM must establish a closed throttle valve position learning value to perform fuel cut. If the battery terminal has been reconnected, the vehicle must be driven over 10 mph (16 km/h) to allow the ECM to learn the closed throttle valve position.
         
      5. When the vehicle is driven:
         The output voltage of the A/F sensor may be below 2.8 V during fuel enrichment. For the vehicle, this translates to a sudden increase in speed with the accelerator pedal fully depressed when trying to overtake another vehicle. The A/F sensor is functioning normally.
         
      6. The A/F sensor is a current output element; therefore, the current is converted into a voltage inside the ECM. Measuring the voltage at the connectors of the A/F sensor or ECM will show a constant voltage result.
         

NG	Go to step 9

OK

NEXT

1. Read DTCs using the intelligent tester.

2. Select the following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / DTC INFO / CURRENT CODES.
   

   Result:

   
   

   Display (DTC Output)	Proceed to
   P2195, P2196, P2197 or P2198	A
   No output	B

B	Go to step 8

A

NEXT

NEXT

1. Read DTCs using the intelligent tester.

2. Select the following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / DTC INFO / CURRENT CODES.
   

   Result:

   
   

   Display (DTC Output)	Proceed to
   No output	A
   P2195, P2196, P2197 or P2198	B

B	REPLACE ECM

A

NO	CHECK FOR INTERMITTENT PROBLEMS AND PERFORM CONFIRMATION DIVING PATTERN

YES
DTC CAUSED BY RUNNING OUT OF FUEL

1. Disconnect the A12 or A13 A/F sensor connector.

2. Measure the resistance between the terminals of the A/F sensor connector.
   

   Standard resistance:

   Bank 1:

   Tester Connections	Specified Conditions
   HT (1) - +B (2)	1.8 to 3.4 Ω at 20°C (68°F)
   HT (1) - AF- (4)	10 kΩ or higher

   Bank 2:

   Tester Connections	Specified Conditions
   HT (1) - +B (2)	1.8 to 3.4 Ω at 20°C (68°F)
   HT (1) - AF- (4)	10 kΩ or higher

3. Reconnect the A/F sensor connector.

NG	REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR

OK

1. Remove the A/F sensor heater relay from the engine room R/B.

2. Check the A/F sensor heater relay resistance.

   Standard resistance:

   Tester Connections	Specified Conditions
   3 - 5	10 kΩ or higher
   3 - 5	Below 1 Ω (when battery voltage applied to terminals 1 and 2)

3. Reinstall the A/F sensor heater relay.

NG	REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR HEATER RELAY

OK

1. Disconnect the A12 or A13 A/F sensor connector.

2. Turn the ignition switch on.

3. Measure the voltage between the +B terminal of the A/F sensor connector and body ground.

   Standard voltage:

   Tester Connections	Specified Conditions
   +B (A12-2) - Body ground	9 to 14 V
   +B (A13-2) - Body ground	9 to 14 V

4. Turn the ignition switch off.

5. Disconnect the E5 ECM connector.

6. Measure the resistance between the terminals of A/F sensor connector and ECM connector.

   Standard resistance (Check for open):

   Tester Connections	Specified Conditions
   HT (A12-1) - HA1A (E5-2)	Below 1 Ω
   AF+ (A12-3) - A1A+ (E5-22)	Below 1 Ω
   AF- (A12-4) - A1A- (E5-30)	Below 1 Ω
   HT (A13-1) - HA2A (E5-1)	Below 1 Ω
   AF+ (A13-3) - A2A+ (E5-23)	Below 1 Ω
   AF- (A13-4) - A2A- (E5-31)	Below 1 Ω

   Standard resistance (Check for short):

   Tester Connections	Specified Conditions
   HA1A (A12-1) or HA1A (E5-2) - Body ground	10 kΩ or higher
   A1A+ (A12-3) or A1A+ (E5-22) - Body ground	10 kΩ or higher
   A1A- (A12-4) or A1A- (E5-30) - Body ground	10 kΩ or higher
   HA2A (A13-1) or HA2A (E5-1) - Body ground	10 kΩ or higher
   A2A+ (A13-3) or A2A+ (E5-23) - Body ground	10 kΩ or higher
   A2A- (A13-4) or A2A- (E5-31) - Body ground	10 kΩ or higher

7. Reconnect the ECM connector.

8. Reconnect the A/F sensor connector.

   
   
   
   

NG	REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

OK

1. Check the air induction system for vacuum leakage.

   OK:

   No leakage from air induction system.
   

NG	REPAIR OR REPLACE AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM

OK

1. Check the fuel pressure (Click here).

NG	REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL SYSTEM

OK

1. Check the injector injection (whether fuel volume is high or low, and whether injection pattern is poor) (Click here).

NG	REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

OK

NEXT

NEXT

1. Read DTCs using the intelligent tester.

2. Select the following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / DTC INFO / CURRET CODES.
   

   Result:

   
   

   Display (DTC Output)	Proceed to
   No output	A
   P2195, P2196, P2197 or P2198	B

B	REPLACE ECM AND PERFORM CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN

A

NO	CHECK FOR INTERMITTENT PROBLEMS

YES
DTC CAUSED BY RUNNING OUT OF FUEL